Islamic mosque architecture has undergone remarkable transformations, evolving from the simple structure of Prophet Muhammad's mosque in Medina to the grand and elaborate mosques of today. Over the past fourteen centuries, Islamic architects and artists have developed intricate architectural patterns and artistic decorations, creating masterpieces across the Islamic world. Scholars have explored various interpretations of the symbols and functions of mosques, but these interpretations often face significant challenges when applied to contemporary architecture. Traditionalists like René Guénon, Frithjof Schuon, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr argue that some modern mosques lack the spiritual essence of Islamic art, contending that their designs diverge from traditional Islamic principles. In this paper, I will explore the question of what characteristics contemporary mosque architecture must possess to be recognized both as authentically Islamic in its forms and symbols and capable of addressing the challenges of postmodern architecture. Contrary to traditionalist views, I will argue that contemporary architects and artists can design modern mosques that retain an Islamic identity, provided they adhere to essential guidelines. To support this argument, I will compare two modern mosques (Valiasr Mosque in Tehran and Rasool Allah Mosque in Shiraz) with two traditional mosques (Jameh Mosque of Isfahan and Nasir al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz).