Optimal planning of areas surrounding mosques and the factors affecting them The mosque is considered the symbol of the Islamic city, and the Grand Mosque is its geographical center. With the planning of new Islamic cities at the beginning of Islamic civilization, the mosque and the government administration offices were located in the center of the city. This was also evident in the plans of cities such as Baghdad and Samarra in Iraq, Kairouan in Tunisia, and others. All the city's neighborhoods surround the Grand Mosque. The mosque has many functions. In addition to its religious role, it has an educational role, as in the universities of Al-Azhar and Kairouan. As well as a political role, especially in crises and hardships, such as Al-Azhar Mosque, A social role has recently emerged in a hall for events, social, and health care next to the mosque. Also, the area surrounding the mosques plays a role in the prosperity of commercial activities and economic movement after prayers, especially Friday prayers. Most mosques in Islamic cities are surrounded by a flourishing movement of buying and selling after praying, whether in the shops surrounding the mosque, from street vendors and carts, or in the mosque courtyard. God Almighty says " O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave off business. That would be better for you if you only knew. (9) So when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah, and remember Allah much that you may succeed." (10) (Surat Al-Jumu’ah). God Almighty commands His servants to leave worldly concerns and hasten to pray. So when you have performed your prayer and finished your worship, then seek God’s bounty and seek the means of livelihood. Therefore, the commercial area stop its activity during prayer, and commercial activity flourishes after it. The mosque has an impact on the surrounding uses as well as the social and educational activities, which may cause traffic congestion in those areas. The problem with the research is the lack of studying the actual impact of mosques on the surrounding area through measurable variables, which makes it difficult to take them into account when designing mosques, which may affect the capacity and land uses in the area surrounding the mosque. The study aims to identify the variables affected by mosques in the surrounding area and to determine the most important planning requirements and considerations that must be taken into account when planning these areas.