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<div class="pafe-acf-repeater-sub-field">Morphology of the Mosque: From Ottoman Külliyes to Modern Community Centers</div>
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<div class="pafe-acf-repeater-sub-field">Mustafa Tutar is an architect who graduated in 1999 from Istanbul Technical University. He then studied Design with Digital Media at the University of Missouri-Columbia in the USA. He started his PhD at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University in Architectural Studies. His dissertation compares the Abbasid Baghdad city with the Ancient Greek city of Priene in terms of spatial organizations. Since then, he has been working on concepts of Islamic cities and also lecturing in architectural schools.</div>
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<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Paper Abstract</h2> </div>
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<div class="pafe-acf-repeater-sub-field">The mosque serves as a central structure in Islamic communities, facilitating the implementation of Islamic principles in society. In communities integrating Islamic faith into all aspects of life, mosques often become hubs addressing both physical and social needs, extending beyond the place of worship.
In 16th century Ottoman society, mosque-centered complexes known as "külliye" were integral to urban life. These külliyes served multiple purposes, becoming nucleus of social and cultural development. They contributed to social cohesion, provided education, fostered support and cooperation, influenced spatial relationships within the city, enhanced social welfare, and shaped urban planning. These complexes typically included structures such as madrasahs, tekkes, schools, imarets, hospitals, and bathhouses, each serving specific communal needs.
The secular orientated life of many contemporary societies has often reduced the mosque's role to primarily a place of worship, distancing it from its historical position at the center of community life. However, there are Muslim communities in the 21st century which are attempting to reposition the mosque as a central element of their social structure. These communities are designing mosque complexes that address a wide range of social needs, reflecting the various functions of historical külliyes while adapting to modern contexts.
This article examines the evolving morphology of mosques as compositions influencing various aspects of Muslim life. The study focuses on two case studies: the 16th century Atik Valide Sultan Külliye in Üsküdar, Istanbul, and the contemporary Mecca Center of Willowbrook Muslim Community Center in Chicago. Through comparative analysis, the research investigates how these complexes address the social needs of their respective communities, examining their functions, spatial relationships, and overall architectural design.
By comparing these examples from different eras and cultural contexts, the study aims to provide insights into how Muslim communities have approached the design challenge of creating life-centered community complexes. It considers implications for contemporary mosque design and seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about the evolving role and design of mosques in modern society. This research highlights the historical significance of mosque complexes and explores their potential as catalysts for community development in contemporary urban environments.</div>
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