Since the advent of Islam, mosques have not only served as places of worship but have also been major architectural symbols of Islamic culture. Djamaa El Djazair is a symbol of the rich Islamic heritage and modern aspirations in Algeria. The Great Mosque of Algiers is a cultural monument and a beacon of knowledge. It features an architecture that reflects Islamic principles, preserves the architectural heritage of the region, integrates modern technology, and preserves the environment. This study explores the architectural, cultural, and scientific significance of the mosque, using a descriptive analytical approach. The research highlights the architectural challenges and solutions adopted by the mosque, such as the 265-meter-high minaret, spacious prayer halls, intricately designed domes, and multiple facilities that make scientific and cultural contributions. The mosque’s design not only honors Islamic architectural traditions, but also reflects the cultural renaissance in Algeria. The findings reveal that the mosque’s sustainable design significantly impacts the social and environmental landscape of Algiers. By harmonizing traditional Islamic aesthetics with contemporary architectural techniques, it promotes urban sustainability and enhances the ecological balance of its surroundings. Beyond its religious role, Djamaa El Djazair acts as a spiritual sanctuary and social catalyst, fostering community well-being and contributing to Algeria’s cultural renaissance. This study underscores how modern mosque architecture can respect historical and cultural contexts while shaping the identity and future of its community, thus demonstrating the transformative power of architecture in societal development.