1st Track : Evolution of Mosque Architecture through the Ages
Role/Contribution
تتبع تاريخي نادر لعمارة مسجد البيعة بجوار جمرة العقبة في مكة المكرمة
Research paper Title
تسلسل عمارة مسجد البيعة في مكة المكرمة
Personal Biography
Dr. Ahmad Rushdi Toman
Associate Professor.
PhD: Urban design and Housing 2012
Specialization: architectural design, urban planning.
Specific specialization: urban heritage, mosque architecture and historical sites
Positions:
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Executive Committee in Suleiman Al Rajhi Endowment Company for Mosques “Al Manara Company”. From 2020 Until now.
Member of the Mosques Division, Saudi Society for Urban Sciences. From 2019 Until now.
Consultant in several projects with the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. From 2018 Until now.
Part-time consultant, Diriyah Gate Development Authority, Department of Cultural and Historical Accreditation. 2023
Consultant to Royal Commission for Riyadh City, the Urban Management Project for the cities of Riyadh and Jeddah, and the Urban Management of Mosques. 2022
Consultant, Charitable Society for Engineering Services, project: building fifty mosques within the boundaries of the Holy Mosque in Makah. 2020
Fulfillment study of: The landmark mosque, for the King Abdullah Endowment for his parents.2019
Consultant, Ministry of Culture, Heritage Commission, Prince Mohammed bin Salman project for the reconstruction of historic mosques. 2019
Member of a Study Group about Troubled projects Ministry of education. 2013
Director of the Master Plan Administration in King Saud University Agency for Projects. 2010
Member of a Study Group about Road Stations, Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH) 2009
Member of a Study Group To develop the “Future Vision of Diriyah”, the Municipality of Diriyah. 2004.
Scientific Research:
Published more than 18 papers in scientific journals and conferences .
Paper Abstract
يهدف هذا البحث إلى وضع مقترح لإعادة تأهيل مسجد البيعة التاريخي، حيث تم في موضعه مبايعة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في منى سنة 12من البعثة لاثني عشر رجلا من قبيلتي الأوس والخزرج من المدينة، كما أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم بايع في الموضع ذاته، في حج سنة 13 من البعثة ثلاثة وسبعين رجلاً وامرأتين من أهل المدينة المنورة، وعرفت هاتان البيعتان ببيعة العقبة.
في موضع البيعتين بني مسجد البيعة، أسفل "جبل ثبير" التاريخي المطل على ساحات الجمرات، على يمين النازل من منى إلى مكة، ويبعد عن الجمرة الكبرى حاليا 500م تقريباً، ويطل على منى من الناحية الشمالية في السفح الجنوبي لجبل «ثبير» المطل على شعب المعروفة باسم «شعب الأنصار» أو «شعب البيعة».
وقد كان المسجد قديما ً متواريا عن الطريق خلف جبل العقبة حتى عام 1428هـ، حيث تمت أعمال تطوير وتوسعة المشاعر وإزالة جبل العقبة مما أظهر المسجد على الوادي.
مر المسجد بأربعة مراحل لبنائه وتوسعته وترميمه، وقد اختلف المؤرخون في هذه المراحل، وفي وصف عمران المسجد في كل مرحلة.
عمل هذا البحث على جمع أقوال المؤرخين ووصفهم لعمارة المسجد في كل مرحلة، والترجيح بينها، ومن ثم وضع مقترحات لإعادة إعماره وفقا لأرجح الأقوال التاريخية لعود أقرب ما يكون لما كان عليه، وقد دعمت هذه المقترحات بمخططات ومناظير لتوضيح الفكرة التصميمية.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
مسجد – البيعة – منى – تاريخي – العقبة – الحج.
This research aims to develop a proposal for the rehabilitation of the historic Al-Bay’ah Mosque, where the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, pledged allegiance to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, in Mina in the 12th year of the mission, to twelve men from the Aws and Khazraj tribes from Medina. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, also pledged allegiance in the same place, during the Hajj in the 13th year of the mission, to seventy-three men and two women from the people of Medina. These two pledges were known as the Pledge of Aqaba.
In the place of the two pledges, the Pledge Mosque was built, below the historic “Mount Thabeer” overlooking the "Jamarat" squares, to the right of the person descending from Mina to Mecca. It is currently approximately 500 meters away from the Great Jamarat, and overlooks Mina from the northern side on the southern slope of Mount Thabeer overlooking the valley known as “The Valley of the Ansar” or “The Valley of the Pledge”.
The mosque was hidden from the road behind Mount Aqaba until the year 1428 AH, when development and expansion works were carried out in the holy sites and Mount Aqaba was removed, which revealed the mosque in the valley. The mosque went through four stages of construction, expansion and restoration, and historians differed in these stages, and in describing the construction of the mosque in each stage.
This research worked on collecting the statements of historians and their description of the architecture of the mosque in each stage, and weighing between them, and then making proposals for its reconstruction according to the most likely historical statements to return it as close as possible to what it was, and these proposals were supported by plans and perspectives to clarify the design idea.
Keywords:
Mosque - Al-Bay'ah - Mina - Historical - Aqaba - Hajj.
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